التصريف الثالث للفعل: Gone وSeen وDone (A2)

بعد have أو has، استخدم اسم المفعول: past participle. وفي معظم الأفعال هو صيغة -ed، مثل صيغة الماضي: worked، played، cleaned.

-ed: مثل صيغة الماضي

• I have cleaned my room.
• She has watched that movie.
• جرّب بنفسك: Woman: The kitchen floor is all wet. Man: I have ___ it. Please don't walk on it! اختر ما يقوله الرجل (Man). (cooked / washed / ate) الإجابة: washed — الأرض مبلّلة لأنه غسلها: he has washed it.

مثل صيغة الماضي

أفعال كثيرة لها الصيغة نفسها في الماضي وبعد have / has: bought، paid، found، lost، told، met، heard، felt.

• I have bought the tickets.
• She has told me everything.
• We have met before.
• جرّب بنفسك: Man: Can I give you some money for dinner? Woman: No, it's okay. I've ___ for it. اختر ما تقوله المرأة (Woman). (waited / took / paid) الإجابة: paid — يريد أن يعطيها مالًا، لكنها دفعت ثمن العشاء: she has paid.

gone وseen وeaten وtaken وgiven

بعض الأفعال تتغيّر أكثر: go → gone، see → seen، eat → eaten، take → taken، give → given.

• He has gone home.
• We have taken the bus.
• She has given me her number.
• Not "I have saw that movie." — say "I have seen that movie.". بعد have، استخدم seen، لا saw.
• جرّب بنفسك: Man: Is there any pizza left? Woman: Sorry! The kids have ___ it all. اختر ما تقوله المرأة (Woman). (eaten / ate / seen / saw) الإجابة: eaten — بعد have استخدم eaten، وليس ate. لم يبقَ شيء من البيتزا.

been وdone وhad وmade

be → been، do → done، have → had، make → made.

• I have been here before.
• She has done the dishes.
• We have had a great day.
• He has made a lot of friends.
• جرّب بنفسك: Woman: Do you want to watch a movie? Man: Sure. I've ___ all my work. اختر ما يقوله الرجل (Man). (made / broke / done) الإجابة: done — مع العمل نقول do، إذن هو أنهاه: he has done it.

written وspoken وknown وbroken

write → written، speak → spoken، know → known، break → broken.

• I have written to her.
• Have you spoken to the teacher?
• I have known her all my life.
• He has broken his arm.
• جرّب بنفسك: Man: The TV doesn't work. Woman: I know. Your cousin has ___ it. اختر ما تقوله المرأة (Woman). (broken / fixed / wrote) الإجابة: broken — التلفاز لا يعمل، إذن ابن العم كسره: has broken it.

get → got → gotten: اسم المفعول من get

بعد have / has، تستخدم الإنجليزية الأمريكية غالبًا gotten، وهو اسم المفعول من get.

• It has gotten cold outside.
• She has gotten a new job.
• جرّب بنفسك: Man: Do you still hear from your old teacher? Woman: Yes. I've ___ two letters from her this month. اختر ما تقوله المرأة (Woman). (gotten / getted / written / wrote) الإجابة: gotten — بعد I've استخدم gotten. الرسائل جاءت من معلّمتها.