過去分詞: gone, seen, done (A2)

have や has のあとには past participle（過去分詞）を使います。ほとんどの動詞では、過去形と同じ -ed の形です：worked、played、cleaned。

-ed：過去形と同じ

I have cleaned my room.
She has watched that movie.
やってみよう: Woman: The kitchen floor is all wet. Man: I have ___ it. Please don't walk on it! 男の人のせりふを選んでください。 (cooked / washed / ate) 答え: washed — 床がぬれているのは、彼が洗ったからです：washed。

過去形と同じ形

過去形と have / has のあとの形が同じ動詞はたくさんあります：bought、paid、found、lost、told、met、heard、felt。

I have bought the tickets.
She has told me everything.
We have met before.
やってみよう: Man: Can I give you some money for dinner? Woman: No, it's okay. I've ___ for it. 女の人のせりふを選んでください。 (waited / took / paid) 答え: paid — 彼はお金を渡そうとしていますが、彼女はもう夕食代を払っています：paid。

形が変わる：gone, seen, eaten, taken, given

もっと形が変わる動詞もあります：go → gone、see → seen、eat → eaten、take → taken、give → given。

He has gone home.
We have taken the bus.
She has given me her number.
Not "I have saw that movie." — say "I have seen that movie.". have のあとは saw ではなく seen を使います。
やってみよう: Man: Is there any pizza left? Woman: Sorry! The kids have ___ it all. 女の人のせりふを選んでください。 (eaten / ate / seen / saw) 答え: eaten — have のあとは ate ではなく eaten です。ピザはもう残っていません。

形が変わる：been, done, had, made

過去分詞はこうなります：be → been、do → done、have → had、make → made。

I have been here before.
She has done the dishes.
We have had a great day.
He has made a lot of friends.
やってみよう: Woman: Do you want to watch a movie? Man: Sure. I've ___ all my work. 男の人のせりふを選んでください。 (made / broke / done) 答え: done — 仕事には do を使うので、has done です。

形が変わる：written, spoken, known, broken

過去分詞はこうなります：write → written、speak → spoken、know → known、break → broken。

I have written to her.
Have you spoken to the teacher?
I have known her all my life.
He has broken his arm.
やってみよう: Man: The TV doesn't work. Woman: I know. Your cousin has ___ it. 女の人のせりふを選んでください。 (broken / fixed / wrote) 答え: broken — テレビが動かないので、いとこがこわしてしまったのです：broken。

過去分詞：get → got → gotten

have / has のあと、アメリカ英語では get の過去分詞 gotten をよく使います。

It has gotten cold outside.
She has gotten a new job.
やってみよう: Man: Do you still hear from your old teacher? Woman: Yes. I've ___ two letters from her this month. 女の人のせりふを選んでください。 (gotten / getted / written / wrote) 答え: gotten — I've のあとは gotten です。手紙は先生から届きました。