Expanded Subjunctive (C1 Grammar)

The mandative subjunctive is a formal grammatical structure used in academic, legal, medical, and business writing to express demands, recommendations, requirements, and necessity. Unlike indicative forms, the subjunctive uses the base verb regardless of subject, creating a distinctive formal register essential for professional communication.

Quick tip: The subjunctive base form never changes: 'I suggest he leave' (not 'leaves'), 'It is essential she be present' (not 'is'). Third person singular has NO -s ending in the subjunctive.

Mandative subjunctive after verbs

After verbs expressing demand, requirement, or recommendation (suggest, recommend, insist, demand, require, propose, request, urge, ask), use base form in the that-clause.

Mandative subjunctive after adjectives

After adjectives expressing necessity or importance (essential, vital, crucial, imperative, necessary, important, mandatory), use It is + adjective + that + subject + base form.

Passive subjunctive

Form the passive subjunctive with be + past participle (not 'is' or 'are'). Common in formal requirements about actions done to something.

Were-subjunctive (hypothetical)

Use were for all subjects in hypothetical conditions and wishes. This creates formal register in conditional statements.

Common mistakes

Practise it

The subjunctive appears in formal contexts: legal documents ('The court orders that...'), academic policies ('It is mandatory that...'), medical protocols ('It is imperative that...'), and business communications ('The CEO insists that...'). Practice rewriting informal recommendations as formal subjunctive statements.