برای گفتن اینکه یک چیز توی گذشته وجود داشت، از There was استفاده کن.
There was = یکی
There was a cinema on this street.
There was a big tree in the square.
There was an old café here.
خودت امتحان کن: ___ a cinema on this street years ago. (There was / There were / There is) جواب: There was — یک سینما توی گذشته ← There was. «There were» برای بیشتر از یکیه، و «There is» برای الانه، نه گذشته.
There were = بیشتر از یکی
برای گفتن اینکه دوتا یا بیشتر چیز توی گذشته وجود داشتن، از There were استفاده کن.
There were two bakeries in the old town.
There were lots of people at the market.
There were many trees here before.
خودت امتحان کن: ___ two bakeries in the old town. (There were / There was / There are) جواب: There were — Two bakeries یعنی بیشتر از یکی، پس از There were استفاده کن. «There was» برای یکیه، و «There are» برای الانه، نه گذشته.
یکی یا بیشتر از یکی؟
اول بشمار. یک چیز → There was (There was a cat.). دو تا یا بیشتر → There were (There were three cats.). چیزهایی که نمیشه شمرد — مثل traffic, water, food, noise — هم There was میگیرن، چون مثلِ یه مقدارِ واحد باهاشون رفتار میکنی، نه چند تا.
There was a cat. (one)
There were three cats. (more than one)
There was a lot of traffic. (can't count → was)
Not "There were a lot of traffic." — say "There was a lot of traffic.". traffic یه مقدارِ غیرقابلشمارشه، پس was میگیره — ولی three cats زیادن، پس were میگیرن.
خودت امتحان کن: ___ lots of people at the market last Saturday. (There were / There was / There be) جواب: There were — Lots of people یعنی بیشتر از یکی، پس از There were استفاده کن. یادت باشه «people» جمعه، با اینکه به -s ختم نمیشه: There were lots of people.
خودت امتحان کن: ___ a lot of traffic in the city centre. (There was / There were / There are) جواب: There was — traffic رو نمیشه شمرد، پس مثلِ یه مقدارِ واحد باهاش رفتار کن و There was بگو، نه There were. «There are» برای الانه، نه گذشته.
There wasn't = یکی
برای یک چیز که وجود نداشت، از There wasn't استفاده کن (= there was not).
There wasn't a school here.
There wasn't a single car on the road.
There wasn't anyone at the door.
خودت امتحان کن: ___ a shop on this street back then. (There wasn't / There weren't / There no was) جواب: There wasn't — یه shop یه چیزه، پس از There wasn't استفاده کن (نه «There weren't» که برای بیشتر از یکیه). برای منفی هم بازم مهمه یکیه یا بیشتر: یکی ← wasn't.
There weren't = بیشتر از یکی
برای بیشتر از یک چیز که وجود نداشتن، از There weren't استفاده کن (= there were not).
There weren't any cafés nearby.
There weren't many people at the park.
There weren't any buses after midnight.
خودت امتحان کن: ___ any cafés nearby back then. (There weren't / There wasn't / There no were) جواب: There weren't — Cafés بیشتر از یکیه، پس از There weren't استفاده کن (نه «There wasn't» که برای یک چیزه). برای منفی هم بازم مهمه یکیه یا بیشتر: بیشتر از یکی ← weren't.
Was there / Were there
برای سؤال، was / were رو اول بذار: Was there...? برای یکی، Were there...? برای بیشتر از یکی.
Was there a park in your town?
Were there many shops?
Was there a lot of traffic?
خودت امتحان کن: ___ many shops in the old town? (Were there / There were / Was there) جواب: Were there — برای سؤال، were اول میآد: Were there many shops? «There were» خبر میده، سؤال نمیکنه. و many shops یعنی بیشتر از یکی، پس were، نه was.
خودت امتحان کن: ___ a market in the square, and ___ lots of stalls. (There was … there were / There were … there was / There was … there was) جواب: There was … there were — یک market ← there was. Lots of stalls (بیشتر از یکی) ← there were. هر بخش به اسمِ خودش نگاه میکنه: یکی was میگیره، چندتا were میگیره.