something, anything, nothing (A2)

توی یه جمله‌ی مثبتِ ساده، معمولاً کلمه‌های some- درست به نظر می‌آن: something, somebody / someone, somewhere.

something, somebody, somewhere

• I have something to tell you.
• Somebody called you this morning.
• Let's go somewhere quiet.
• Not "I have anything to tell you." — say "I have something to tell you.". یه جمله‌ی مثبتِ ساده یه کلمه‌ی some- می‌گیره، نه یه کلمه‌ی any-.
• خودت امتحان کن: There is ___ at the door. I can hear them. (somebody / anybody / nobody) جواب: somebody — این یه جمله‌ی مثبتِ ساده‌ست (واقعاً یه نفر هست)، پس somebody می‌گیره. «Anybody» برای منفی‌ها و سؤال‌هاست، و «nobody» یعنی هیچ‌کس اونجا نیست.

anything, anybody, anywhere

وقتی جمله یه نه ـه (don't, isn't) یا یه سؤال ـه، معمولاً کلمه‌ی some- تبدیل می‌شه به یه کلمه‌ی any-: anything, anybody / anyone, anywhere.

• I don't have anything to say.
• Is there anybody home?
• We didn't go anywhere yesterday.
• Not "I don't have something to say." — say "I don't have anything to say.". «Don't have» جمله رو منفی می‌کنه، پس something تبدیل می‌شه به anything.
• خودت امتحان کن: Did you see ___ at the station? (anyone / someone / no one) جواب: anyone — این یه سؤاله، پس anyone می‌گیره: Did you see anyone? «Someone» برای جمله‌های مثبتِ ساده‌ست، و «no one» از قبل یعنی هیچ‌کس رو ندیدی.

nothing, nobody, nowhere

کلمه‌های no- خودشون به‌تنهایی یعنی نه: nothing, nobody / no one, nowhere. پس فعل باهاشون مثبت می‌مونه. یه not دیگه اضافه نکن.

• Nobody came to the meeting.
• Nothing happened.
• There is nowhere to sit.
• Not "I don't have nothing." — say "I have nothing. / I don't have anything.". nothing خودش یعنی نه، پس don't رو هم نگو. یکی رو انتخاب کن.
• خودت امتحان کن: The fridge is empty. There is ___ to eat. (nothing / anything / something) جواب: nothing — فعلِ «is» مثبته، و منظورت هیچی نیست، پس از nothing استفاده کن: There is nothing to eat. «Anything» اول به یه نه نیاز داره (isn't anything)، و «something» یعنی غذا هست.
• خودت امتحان کن: Which one is right? (We saw nobody. / We didn't see nobody. / We don't saw nobody.) جواب: We saw nobody. — Nobody خودش یعنی هیچ‌کس، پس فعل مثبت می‌مونه: We saw nobody. «Didn't see nobody» دو تا منفی روی هم می‌ذاره. (می‌تونی «We didn't see anybody» هم بگی.)

everything, everybody, everywhere

کلمه‌های every- یعنی همه‌شون: everything = همه‌ی چیزها، everybody / everyone = همه‌ی آدم‌ها، everywhere = توی همه‌ی جاها / همه‌جا. با اینکه معنیِ زیاد می‌دن، فعل مفرد می‌مونه (مثلِ is / was / has).

• Everybody is here now.
• She told me everything.
• I looked everywhere for my keys.
• Not "Everybody are happy." — say "Everybody is happy.". Everybody یعنی همه‌ی آدم‌ها، ولی فعلِ مفرد می‌گیره: is، نه are.
• خودت امتحان کن: The party was great. ___ had a good time. (Everybody / Anybody / Nobody) جواب: Everybody — منظورت اینه که همه‌ی آدم‌ها خوش گذروندن، پس Everybody بگو. «Anybody» برای منفی و سؤاله، و «nobody» یعنی هیچ‌کس خوش نگذروند.
• خودت امتحان کن: I looked everywhere, but I couldn't find ___, so in the end I bought ___ new. (anything … something / something … anything / nothing … anything) جواب: anything … something — «Couldn't find» منفیه ← anything. «I bought» یه مثبتِ ساده‌ست ← something. جمله‌ی منفی any- می‌گیره، جمله‌ی مثبت some- می‌گیره.