برای حرف زدن دربارهی یه کاری که توی یه لحظهی گذشته در جریان بود، از was / were + فعلِ -ing استفاده کن. با I, he, she, it از was؛ با you, we, they از were.
was / were + -ing
At 8pm I was watching TV.
She was cooking dinner.
They were playing in the garden.
Not "They was playing in the garden." — say "They were playing in the garden.". با they از were استفاده کن، نه was.
خودت امتحان کن: At 8pm, we ___ dinner. (were having / was having / were have) جواب: were having — با we از were استفاده کن، و به فعل -ing اضافه کن: were having. «Was having» برای یک نفره (I/he/she)، و «were have» اون -ing رو کم داره.
املای شکلِ -ing
بیشتر فعلها فقط -ing میگیرن (play → playing، watch → watching). اگه فعل به -eی بیصدا ختم بشه، اول e رو بنداز: drive → driving، have → having، make → making. فعلهای کوتاه مثل run و sit حرف آخرشون دو برابر میشه: run → running، sit → sitting.
She was driving to work. (drive → driving)
We were having lunch. (have → having)
The dog was running in the park. (run → running)
Not "She was driveing to work." — say "She was driving to work.". قبل از -ing حرف eی بیصدا رو بنداز: drive → driving، نه driveing.
خودت امتحان کن: At noon, they were ___ lunch. (have) (having / haveing / haved) جواب: having — قبل از -ing حرف eی بیصدا رو بنداز: have → having. «Haveing» اشتباهاً e رو نگه میداره، و «haved» یه شکلِ واقعی نیست.
منفی و سؤال
برای منفی، not رو بعد از was/were بذار: wasn't / weren't + -ing. برای سؤال، was / were رو قبل از فاعل بذار: Was / Were + فاعل + -ing؟
I wasn't sleeping at 10pm.
They weren't listening to me.
Were you waiting for the bus?
Was she working yesterday?
Not "Did you were working?" — say "Were you working?". برای سؤال، were رو ببر جلوی فاعل — did اضافه نکن.
خودت امتحان کن: It was quiet. The children ___ any noise. (not / make) (weren't making / wasn't making / didn't making) جواب: weren't making — the children جمعه، پس weren't و شکلِ -ing رو نگه دار: weren't making. «Wasn't» برای یه نفره، و «didn't making» دو تا شکلِ گذشته رو قاطی میکنه.
خودت امتحان کن: ___ you ___ TV when I called? (Were … watching / Did … watching / Was … watching) جواب: Were … watching — با you، سؤال رو با Were شروع کن و شکلِ -ing رو نگه دار: Were you watching? «Did» با -ing نمیآد، و «Was» برای I/he/she/it ـه.
یه کارِ بلند و یه کارِ کوتاه
وقتی یه کارِ کوتاه وسطِ یه کارِ بلندتر میپره، برای کارِ بلند از was / were + -ing استفاده کن، و برای کوتاه از گذشتهی ساده.
I was reading (long) when the phone rang (short).
She was driving when she saw the accident.
They were playing when it started to rain.
خودت امتحان کن: Amina وسطِ درست کردنِ شام بود. یه مدتی طول کشید. بعد، ناگهان، زنگِ در یه بار به صدا دراومد. کدوم با کارِ بلندتری که از قبل داشت اتفاق میافتاد جور درمیآد؟ (She was cooking dinner. / She cooked dinner.) جواب: She was cooking dinner. — آشپزی کارِ بلندتری بود که از قبل در جریان بود، پس از was cooking استفاده کن. «She cooked dinner» تمامشده به گوش میرسه، نه زمینهای برای زنگِ در.
خودت امتحان کن: Hiroshi وسطِ یه رانندگیِ طولانی بود. بعد، توی یه لحظهی سریع، یه تصادف رو جلوتر دید. کدوم با کارِ کوتاهی که توی یه لحظه اتفاق افتاد جور درمیآد؟ (He saw an accident. / He was seeing an accident.) جواب: He saw an accident. — دیدنِ تصادف توی یه لحظهی سریع اتفاق افتاد، پس از گذشتهی سادهی saw استفاده کن. «Was seeing» اون رو یه کارِ بلند میکنه، ولی ناگهانی بود.
while با کارِ بلند میآد
While با کارِ بلند میآد (was / were + -ing). When با کارِ کوتاه میآد (گذشتهی ساده).
While I was sleeping, the phone rang.
When the phone rang, I was sleeping.
While she was cooking, someone knocked.
Not "While the phone rang, I was sleeping." — say "While I was sleeping, the phone rang.". While با کارِ بلند میآد (was sleeping)، نه کوتاه (rang).
خودت امتحان کن: Mei مدت زیادی داشت میخوند. تماسِ تلفنی همون چیزِ سریعی بود که وسطش پرید. کدوم کلمه قبل از کارِ بلند، was reading، جور درمیآد؟ (While she was reading, the phone rang. / When she was reading, the phone rang.) جواب: While she was reading, the phone rang. — خوندن کارِ بلند بود، و while با کارِ بلند میآد: While she was reading, the phone rang. «When» معمولاً به کارِ کوتاه اشاره میکنه (when the phone rang).
خودت امتحان کن: While Lars ___ home, it ___ to rain. (was walking … started / walked … was starting / was walking … was starting) جواب: was walking … started — پیاده رفتن به خونه کارِ بلند بود ← was walking. شروع شدنِ بارون لحظهی کوتاه بود ← started. بلند was + -ing میگیره؛ کوتاه گذشتهی ساده میگیره.