گذشته: didn't و Did (A1)

برای نه گفتن درباره‌ی گذشته، از didn't و فعل ساده استفاده کن. اون didn't خودش گذشته رو نشون می‌ده، پس فعل برمی‌گرده به حالت ساده.

didn't + فعل ساده

She worked. → She didn't work.
I went. → I didn't go.
They saw it. → They didn't see it.
Not "I didn't went." — say "I didn't go.". گذشته از قبل توی didn't هست، پس فعل برمی‌گرده به حالت ساده: go، نه went.
خودت امتحان کن: Mei: Where was Yasmin last night? Liam: Her train didn't come. She ___ to the party. حرف Liam رو کامل کن. (didn't go / didn't went / didn't goed) جواب: didn't go — بعد از didn't، فعل برمی‌گرده به حالت ساده: didn't go. «went» و «goed» هر دو می‌خوان دوباره گذشته رو نشون بدن، ولی didn't خودش این کار رو کرده.

برای پرسیدن درباره‌ی گذشته، Did رو جلو بذار و فعل ساده رو به کار ببر. همون ایده: Did گذشته رو با خودش داره، پس فعل ساده می‌مونه.

She worked here. → Did she work here?
You went out. → Did you go out?
They saw you. → Did they see you?
Not "Did you went out?" — say "Did you go out?". Did خودش گذشته رو نشون می‌ده، پس فعل برمی‌گرده به حالت ساده: go، نه went.
خودت امتحان کن: Mei went to the party. بپرس Mei به مهمونی رفت یا نه. جواب: Did Mei go to the party? — با Did شروع کن، بعد اون شخص، بعد فعل ساده: Did Mei go to the party? «went» رو ننداز تو. Did خودش گذشته رو داره، پس فعل برمی‌گرده به go.
خودت امتحان کن: Lars saw the email. بپرس Lars ایمیل رو دید یا نه. جواب: Did Lars see the email? — Did اول می‌آد، بعد Lars، بعد فعل ساده: Did Lars see the email? «saw» رو ننداز تو. گذشته از قبل توی Did هست، پس فعل see ـه.

برای جواب دادن به یه سؤالِ Did، از did به‌تنهایی استفاده کن، نه فعل اصلی: Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

Did you go? → Yes, I did.
Did she call? → No, she didn't.
Did they win? → Yes, they did.
Not "Did you go? → Yes, I do." — say "Did you go? → Yes, I did.". با همون کلمه‌ی سؤال جواب بده: Did درباره‌ی گذشته می‌پرسه، پس جواب did ـه، نه do.
خودت امتحان کن: Did Mei enjoy the trip? → Yes, she ___. (did / does / enjoyed) جواب: did — سؤال از Did استفاده کرده (گذشته)، پس جواب هم باهاش جوره: Yes, she did (نه «does» و نه فعل اصلی).

بعد از Did یا didn't، فعل همیشه ساده‌ست. گذشته از قبل توی did هست، پس هیچ‌وقت دوبار لازمش نداری.

Did you see it? (not "Did you saw it?")
She didn't go. (not "didn't went")
Did they eat? (not "Did they ate?")
خودت امتحان کن: ___ you like the movie last night? (Did / Do / Was) جواب: Did — «Last night» گذشته‌ست، پس با Did شروع کن. «Do» درباره‌ی الان می‌پرسه، و «Was» قبل از یه فعلِ کاری مثل «like» نمی‌آد.

ببین گذشته کجا نشسته. توی He went. روی فعله. توی He didn't go. و Did he go? روی didـه، پس فعل برمی‌گرده به شکلِ ساده.

He went home. → He didn't go home.
She saw it. → Did she see it?
They ate. → They didn't eat.
خودت امتحان کن: Hiroshi: Amina didn't come to class. Mei: I know. She is sick. She ___ home early yesterday. حرفِ Mei رو کامل کن. (went / didn't went / goes) جواب: went — Mei از did استفاده نمی‌کنه، پس گذشته می‌ره روی خودِ فعل: went. یه جواب گذشته رو هم‌زمان دو جا می‌ذاره، و یکی درباره‌ی کاریه که Amina به‌طور کلی انجام می‌ده؛ ولی yesterday تموم شده.
خودت امتحان کن: Camila: Why is the window open? Yasmin: Lars didn't ___ it. حرفِ Yasmin رو کامل کن. (close / closed / closes) جواب: close — Didn't خودش گذشته رو با خودش داره، پس فعلِ بعدش ساده می‌مونه. یه جواب گذشته رو روی فعل هم می‌ذاره، و یکی شکلِ he، she و it توی زمان حاله.

اول کلمه‌ی سؤالی رو بذار، بعد did، بعد شخص، بعد فعل ساده: Where did you go?

You went to the park. → Where did you go?
She bought a shirt. → Where did she buy it?
They met at the library. → Where did they meet?
خودت امتحان کن: Lars: ___ did you go after class? Lani: To the cafe on Moffen Street. سؤالِ Lars رو کامل کن. (Where / What / When) جواب: Where — Lani با یه «جا» جواب می‌ده، پس Lars حتماً درباره‌ی یه جا پرسیده. از بقیه یکی درباره‌ی یه چیز می‌پرسه و یکی درباره‌ی یه زمان، و هیچ‌کدوم با جوابش جور نیست.

What did you do? درباره‌ی کلِ کار می‌پرسه. جواب یه جمله‌ی گذشته‌ست: I met a friend.

What did you do last night?
What did Mei do after class?
What did they eat?
خودت امتحان کن: Farid: You look tired! What did you ___ all morning? Wei: I cleaned the kitchen. سؤالِ Farid رو کامل کن. (do / did / doing) جواب: do — گذشته از قبل توی did هست، پس فعلِ بعدش ساده می‌مونه. یه جواب گذشته رو دوبار می‌ذاره، و یکی شکلِ -ingـه که هیچ‌وقت بعد از did نمی‌آد.

نادرست	درست	چرا
I didn't went.	I didn't go.	گذشته از قبل توی didn't هست، پس فعل برمی‌گرده به حالت ساده: go، نه went.
Did you went out?	Did you go out?	Did خودش گذشته رو نشون می‌ده، پس فعل برمی‌گرده به حالت ساده: go، نه went.
Did you go? → Yes, I do.	Did you go? → Yes, I did.	با همون کلمه‌ی سؤال جواب بده: Did درباره‌ی گذشته می‌پرسه، پس جواب did ـه، نه do.