این فعلها -ed نمیگیرن. شکلشون عوض میشه، یادشون بگیر: go → went · come → came · see → saw.
go, come, see
Yesterday Amina went to school.
Hiroshi came late.
I saw a film last night.
Not "Yesterday Amina goed to school." — say "Yesterday Amina went to school.". «goed» وجود نداره؛ گذشتهی go کلمهی جدیدِ went ـه.
خودت امتحان کن: Yesterday Amina ___ to school. (went / goed / go) جواب: went — Go بیقاعدهست: گذشتهش went ـه، یه کلمهی جدید. «goed» وجود نداره، و «go» توی حال میمونه.
have, do, make
سه تای دیگه رو یاد بگیر: have → had · do → did · make → made.
They had lunch at the cafe.
Sofia did her homework.
Camila made a cake.
Not "Camila maked a cake." — say "Camila made a cake.". «maked» وجود نداره؛ گذشتهی make میشه made.
خودت امتحان کن: Camila ___ a cake yesterday. (made / maked / makes) جواب: made — Make بیقاعدهست: گذشتهش made ـه. «maked» وجود نداره، و «makes» حاله.
eat, drink, take
سه تا که زیاد به کار میبری: eat → ate · drink → drank · take → took.
Hiroshi ate breakfast at home.
Amina drank some water.
Lars took the metro.
Not "Hiroshi eated breakfast." — say "Hiroshi ate breakfast.". «eated» وجود نداره؛ گذشتهی eat میشه ate.
خودت امتحان کن: Lars ___ the metro this morning. (took / taked / take) جواب: took — Take بیقاعدهست: گذشتهش took ـه. «taked» وجود نداره، و «take» توی حال میمونه.
یه شکل برای همه
شکل گذشته برای همه یکسانه، و هیچوقت -s نمیگیره: I went, she went, they went.
I went home.
She went home.
They went home.
Not "She wents home." — say "She went home.". شکلِ گذشته برای همه یکسان میمونه، هیچوقت بهش -s اضافه نکن.
خودت امتحان کن: She ___ home after class. (went / wents / goed) جواب: went — شکلِ گذشته برای همه یکسانه، هیچوقت -s اضافه نکن: she went، نه «wents».
منفی: didn't + فعل ساده
برای منفی، از didn't + فعل ساده استفاده کن. فعل برمیگرده به حالت ساده، بعد از didn't شکلِ گذشته نمیآد.
I didn't go to school.
She didn't see the film.
They didn't have lunch.
Not "I didn't went to school." — say "I didn't go to school.". Didn't خودش گذشته رو نشون میده، فعل برمیگرده به go، نه «went».
خودت امتحان کن: She ___ the film. (didn't see / didn't saw / don't see) جواب: didn't see — Didn't خودش گذشته رو نشون میده، پس فعل سادهست: didn't see (نه «didn't saw»).
سؤالی: Did + فعل ساده
برای سؤال، با Did شروع کن، بعد فعل ساده. بعد از Did شکلِ گذشته نمیآد.
Did you go to school?
Did she see the film?
Did they have lunch?
Not "Did you went to school?" — say "Did you go to school?". Did خودش گذشته رو نشون میده، فعل ساده میمونه: go، نه «went».
خودت امتحان کن: ___ Hiroshi see the film? (Did / Does / Was) جواب: Did — برای سؤالِ گذشته، با Did شروع کن، بعد فعل ساده: Did Hiroshi see? (Does حاله؛ Was به فعل اصلی نیاز نداره.)
خودت امتحان کن: Remember what follows didn't, They ___ lunch. (didn't have / didn't had / didn't haved) جواب: didn't have — بعد از did یا didn't، همیشه فعل ساده: didn't have. (گذشته رو از قبل didn't نشون داده.)