Could / Couldn't (A1)

برای کاری که توی گذشته می‌تونستی انجام بدی، از could + فعل ساده استفاده کن. بعد از could to نمی‌آد: I could swim، نه I could to swim.

could + فعل ساده

When Amina was five, she could swim.
Hiroshi could ride a bike at six.
I could read when I was four.
Not "She could to swim." — say "She could swim.". بین could و فعل to نذار.
خودت امتحان کن: Yasmin: Was Mateo good at sports? Lani: Yes, he ___ soccer very well at ten. حرفِ Lani رو کامل کن. (could play / could to play / could playing) جواب: could play — Yasmin با Was می‌پرسه، و at ten گذشته، پس این توانایی توی گذشته‌ست. بعد از could فعل ساده‌ست — نه to و نه -ing.

could هیچ‌وقت عوض نمی‌شه. he, she, it هم از could استفاده می‌کنن، و فعلِ بعدش -s نمی‌گیره.

I could speak English.
She could speak English.
They could speak English.
Not "She could speaks English." — say "She could speak English.". حتی با she هم فعل ساده می‌مونه، هیچ‌وقت could speaks نه.
خودت امتحان کن: Ethan: Was Sofia good at languages? Camila: Yes, she ___ two languages at ten. حرفِ Camila رو کامل کن. (could speak / could speaks / coulds speak) جواب: could speak — Could هیچ‌وقت عوض نمی‌شه و فعلِ بعدش هیچ‌وقت -s نمی‌گیره، حتی برای she. «coulds» هم نداریم.

برای کاری که توی گذشته نمی‌تونستی انجام بدی، از couldn't + فعل ساده استفاده کن. (couldn't = could not.)

She couldn't find her keys.
I couldn't swim when I was three.
They couldn't come yesterday.
Not "She couldn't found her keys." — say "She couldn't find her keys.". بعد از couldn't فعل ساده‌ست، find، نه found.
خودت امتحان کن: Camila: Why were you outside so long? Hiroshi: It was dark. I ___ the number on the door. حرفِ Hiroshi رو کامل کن. (couldn't see / couldn't saw / don't see) جواب: couldn't see — Hiroshi می‌گه It was dark، پس داره درباره‌ی لحظه‌ای حرف می‌زنه که گذشته. بعد از couldn't فعل ساده‌ست — see، نه saw — و don't see درباره‌ی الانه.

برای سؤال، Could رو قبل از اون شخص بذار، بعد فعل ساده.

Could you swim at five?
Could she speak French?
What could you do?
Not "Did you could swim?" — say "Could you swim?". برای سؤال، Could اول می‌آد؛ به «did» نیاز نداری.
خودت امتحان کن: Matilda: ___ you cook when you were young? Lars: Only eggs! سؤالِ Matilda رو کامل کن. (Could / Did could / Were) جواب: Could — When you were young این رو می‌بره توی گذشته، و توی سؤالِ گذشته Could قبل از اون شخص می‌آد — did رو جلوش نمی‌ذاری.

همه رو کنار هم بذار: بعد از could فعل هیچ‌وقت عوض نمی‌شه — نه to، نه -ing، نه -s، و هیچ‌وقت فرمِ گذشته.

She could cook at twelve.
We could walk to school.
They could read music.
Not "She could cooked at twelve." — say "She could cook at twelve.". بعد از could فعل هیچ‌وقت عوض نمی‌شه — نه -ed، نه -ing، نه -s.
خودت امتحان کن: Sofia: Were you a fast child? Lani: Very! I ___ all the way home when I was five. حرفِ Lani رو کامل کن. (could run / could ran / could to run) جواب: could run — Sofia با Were می‌پرسه و Lani می‌گه when I was five، پس این گذشته‌ست. بعد از could فعل هیچ‌وقت عوض نمی‌شه: run، نه ran، و بدون to.

could رو برای توانایی توی گذشته بلدی. Could you...? یه راهِ مؤدبانه هم هست برای اینکه الان چیزی رو بخوای.

Could you help me, please?
Could you open the window?
Could you say that again?
خودت امتحان کن: Matilda: Could you take this bag? My hands are full. Ethan: ___ حرفِ Ethan رو انتخاب کن. (Of course. Here, give it to me. / Yes, I could. I was strong then. / No, I couldn't find it.) جواب: Of course. Here, give it to me. — دست‌های Matilda الان پُره، پس داره کمک می‌خواد، نه اینکه درباره‌ی گذشته بپرسه. جوابی درباره‌ی کاری که Ethan اون موقع از پسش برمی‌اومد، یا درباره‌ی پیدا کردنِ یه چیز، این‌جا جور درنمی‌آد.

نادرست	درست	چرا
She could to swim.	She could swim.	بین could و فعل to نذار.
She could speaks English.	She could speak English.	حتی با she هم فعل ساده می‌مونه، هیچ‌وقت could speaks نه.
She couldn't found her keys.	She couldn't find her keys.	بعد از couldn't فعل ساده‌ست، find، نه found.
Did you could swim?	Could you swim?	برای سؤال، Could اول می‌آد؛ به «did» نیاز نداری.
She could cooked at twelve.	She could cook at twelve.	بعد از could فعل هیچ‌وقت عوض نمی‌شه — نه -ed، نه -ing، نه -s.