قبل از یه چیز معمولاً میگیم a یا the. a = یکی از خیلیها، جدید · the = همونی که جفتمون میدونیم کدومه.
a یا the
Lani has a dog. The dog is small.
There is a cafe here. The cafe is very busy.
Look at the sun!
Not "Lani has the dog. (which dog? we don't know yet)" — say "Lani has a dog. (one of many, a new one)". a = یکی از خیلیها، جدید · the = همونی که جفتمون میدونیم کدومه.
Lani has a dog. The dog is small.
There is a cafe here. The cafe is very busy.
Look at the sun!
a dog — one of many, any dog, a new one
the dog — you both know which one
بارِ اول که میگیش
همون بارِ اول که دربارهی یه چیزِ جدید حرف میزنی، معمولاً a درست به نظر میآد. بعدش دیگه با the بهش برمیگردی.
Ethan has a blue bag.
The bag is very big.
There is a new pool here. The pool is warm.
Not "It is the first time. "There is the pool here." (but we don't know which pool yet)" — say "It is the first time. "There is a pool here." (a new one, one of many)". چیزِ جدید، بارِ اول ← a. از قبل میشناسیمش ← the.
خودت امتحان کن: Lars: «What is this?» Sofia: «It is ___ phone. It is not my phone.» کدوم کلمه اینجا جور درمیآد؟ (a / the) جواب: a — این اولین باره که Lars اون رو میبینه، پس میشه a phone. «The phone» یعنی جفتتون از قبل میدونین کدوم گوشی.
همونی که جفتمون میدونیم
وقتی تو و طرف مقابل جفتتون میدونین کدوم، از the استفاده کن. یعنی همونی که همینجاست، تو این اتاق یا تو این جا.
The door is open.
The pool is next to the gym.
Lani is at the cafe.
Not "There is one door here. "A door is open."" — say "There is one door here. "The door is open."". جفتمون میدونیم کدوم ← the.
خودت امتحان کن: Sofia و Lars تو یه دفترن که فقط یه پنجره داره. Lars میگه: «___ window is open.» کدوم کلمه جور درمیآد؟ (The / A) جواب: The — این دفتر فقط یه پنجره داره، پس جفتتون میدونین کدوم پنجره. از the استفاده کن. «A window» یعنی یکی از خیلیها.
فقط یه دونه هست
همهمون همون یه sun، همون یه moon و همون یه sky رو میبینیم. پس میگیم the sun و the moon و the sky.
The sun is very bright.
The moon is white tonight.
The sky is blue.
Not "A sun is very bright." — say "The sun is very bright.". تو کل دنیا فقط یکی ← the.
خودت امتحان کن: Sofia: «Look up, Lars!» Lars: «Wow! ___ moon is very big tonight.» کدوم کلمه جور درمیآد؟ (The / A) جواب: The — همهمون به همون یه ماه نگاه میکنیم، پس میشه the moon. «A moon» یعنی یکی از چندتا ماه.
چه اشتباههایی رایجه؟
نادرست
درست
چرا
Lani has the dog. (which dog? we don't know yet)
Lani has a dog. (one of many, a new one)
a = یکی از خیلیها، جدید · the = همونی که جفتمون میدونیم کدومه.
It is the first time. "There is the pool here." (but we don't know which pool yet)
It is the first time. "There is a pool here." (a new one, one of many)