have나 has 뒤에는 past participle(과거분사)를 써요. 대부분의 동사는 과거형과 같은 -ed 형태예요: worked, played, cleaned.
-ed: 과거형과 같아요
I have cleaned my room.
She has watched that movie.
해 보세요: Woman: The kitchen floor is all wet. Man: I have ___ it. Please don't walk on it! 남자가 하는 말을 골라 보세요. (cooked / washed / ate) 정답: washed — 남자가 바닥을 닦았으니까 바닥이 젖어 있어요: washed예요.
과거형과 같은 과거분사
많은 동사는 과거형과 have / has 뒤의 형태가 같아요: bought, paid, found, lost, told, met, heard, felt.
I have bought the tickets.
She has told me everything.
We have met before.
해 보세요: Man: Can I give you some money for dinner? Woman: No, it's okay. I've ___ for it. 여자가 하는 말을 골라 보세요. (waited / took / paid) 정답: paid — 남자가 돈을 주려고 하지만 여자가 이미 저녁값을 냈어요(paid).
과거분사: gone, seen, eaten, taken, given
더 많이 바뀌는 동사도 있어요: go → gone, see → seen, eat → eaten, take → taken, give → given.
He has gone home.
We have taken the bus.
She has given me her number.
Not "I have saw that movie." — say "I have seen that movie.". have 뒤에는 saw가 아니라 seen을 써요.
해 보세요: Man: Is there any pizza left? Woman: Sorry! The kids have ___ it all. 여자가 하는 말을 골라 보세요. (eaten / ate / seen / saw) 정답: eaten — have 뒤에는 ate가 아니라 eaten을 써요. 피자가 하나도 안 남았어요.
과거분사: been, done, had, made
be → been, do → done, have → had, make → made예요.
I have been here before.
She has done the dishes.
We have had a great day.
He has made a lot of friends.
해 보세요: Woman: Do you want to watch a movie? Man: Sure. I've ___ all my work. 남자가 하는 말을 골라 보세요. (made / broke / done) 정답: done — 일은 하는(do) 거니까 done이에요.
해 보세요: Man: The TV doesn't work. Woman: I know. Your cousin has ___ it. 여자가 하는 말을 골라 보세요. (broken / fixed / wrote) 정답: broken — TV가 안 되니까 사촌이 망가뜨린(broken) 거예요.
get의 변화: get → got → gotten
have / has 뒤에서 미국 영어는 흔히 get의 과거분사인 gotten을 써요.
It has gotten cold outside.
She has gotten a new job.
해 보세요: Man: Do you still hear from your old teacher? Woman: Yes. I've ___ two letters from her this month. 여자가 하는 말을 골라 보세요. (gotten / getted / written / wrote) 정답: gotten — I've 뒤에는 gotten을 써요. 편지는 선생님한테서 왔어요.