شکل سوم فعل: gone، seen، done (A2)

بعد از have یا has، از past participle (شکل سوم فعل) استفاده کن. برای بیشتر فعل‌ها همون شکلِ -ed ـه، یعنی همون گذشته: worked، played، cleaned.

-ed: همون شکل گذشته

• I have cleaned my room.
• She has watched that movie.
• خودت امتحان کن: Woman: The kitchen floor is all wet. Man: I have ___ it. Please don't walk on it! حرفِ اون مرد رو انتخاب کن. (cooked / washed / ate) جواب: washed — کف خیسه چون زمین رو شسته: washed.

همون شکل گذشته

خیلی از فعل‌ها توی گذشته و بعد از have / has یه شکل دارن: bought، paid، found، lost، told، met، heard، felt.

• I have bought the tickets.
• She has told me everything.
• We have met before.
• خودت امتحان کن: Man: Can I give you some money for dinner? Woman: No, it's okay. I've ___ for it. حرفِ اون خانم رو انتخاب کن. (waited / took / paid) جواب: paid — مرده می‌خواد بهش پول بده، ولی خودش پول شام رو داده: paid.

شکل سوم: gone، seen، eaten، taken، given

بعضی فعل‌ها بیشتر عوض می‌شن: go → gone، see → seen، eat → eaten، take → taken، give → given.

• He has gone home.
• We have taken the bus.
• She has given me her number.
• Not "I have saw that movie." — say "I have seen that movie.". بعد از have از seen استفاده کن، نه saw.
• خودت امتحان کن: Man: Is there any pizza left? Woman: Sorry! The kids have ___ it all. حرفِ اون خانم رو انتخاب کن. (eaten / ate / seen / saw) جواب: eaten — بعد از have می‌گیم eaten، نه ate. دیگه پیتزایی نمونده.

شکل سوم: been، done، had، made

be → been، do → done، have → had، make → made.

• I have been here before.
• She has done the dishes.
• We have had a great day.
• He has made a lot of friends.
• خودت امتحان کن: Woman: Do you want to watch a movie? Man: Sure. I've ___ all my work. حرفِ اون مرد رو انتخاب کن. (made / broke / done) جواب: done — برای کار از do استفاده می‌کنیم، پس کارش رو انجام داده: done.

شکل سوم: written، spoken، known، broken

write → written، speak → spoken، know → known، break → broken.

• I have written to her.
• Have you spoken to the teacher?
• I have known her all my life.
• He has broken his arm.
• خودت امتحان کن: Man: The TV doesn't work. Woman: I know. Your cousin has ___ it. حرفِ اون خانم رو انتخاب کن. (broken / fixed / wrote) جواب: broken — تلویزیون کار نمی‌کنه، پس فامیلشون خرابش کرده: broken.

get → got → gotten (گرفتن)

بعد از have / has، انگلیسیِ آمریکایی معمولاً از gotten استفاده می‌کنه، که شکل سوم فعلِ get ـه.

• It has gotten cold outside.
• She has gotten a new job.
• خودت امتحان کن: Man: Do you still hear from your old teacher? Woman: Yes. I've ___ two letters from her this month. حرفِ اون خانم رو انتخاب کن. (gotten / getted / written / wrote) جواب: gotten — بعد از I've می‌گیم gotten. نامه‌ها از طرف معلمش اومدن.