Participio pasado: gone, seen, done (A2)

Después de have o has, usa el past participle (el participio). En la mayoría de los verbos es la forma con -ed, igual que el pasado: worked, played, cleaned.

-ed: igual que el pasado

• I have cleaned my room.
• She has watched that movie.
• Pruébalo: Woman: The kitchen floor is all wet. Man: I have ___ it. Please don't walk on it! Elige lo que dice el hombre. (cooked / washed / ate) Respuesta: washed — El piso está mojado porque él lo ha lavado: has washed it.

Igual que el pasado

Muchos verbos tienen la misma forma en el pasado y después de have / has: bought, paid, found, lost, told, met, heard, felt.

• I have bought the tickets.
• She has told me everything.
• We have met before.
• Pruébalo: Man: Can I give you some money for dinner? Woman: No, it's okay. I've ___ for it. Elige lo que dice la mujer. (waited / took / paid) Respuesta: paid — Él quiere darle dinero, pero ella ya pagó la cena: has paid for dinner.

Cambian más: gone, seen, eaten, taken, given

Algunos verbos cambian más: go → gone, see → seen, eat → eaten, take → taken, give → given.

• He has gone home.
• We have taken the bus.
• She has given me her number.
• Not "I have saw that movie." — say "I have seen that movie.". Después de have, usa seen, no saw.
• Pruébalo: Man: Is there any pizza left? Woman: Sorry! The kids have ___ it all. Elige lo que dice la mujer. (eaten / ate / seen / saw) Respuesta: eaten — Después de have va eaten, no ate. Ya no queda pizza.

Participios: been, done, had, made

Sus participios: be → been, do → done, have → had, make → made.

• I have been here before.
• She has done the dishes.
• We have had a great day.
• He has made a lot of friends.
• Pruébalo: Woman: Do you want to watch a movie? Man: Sure. I've ___ all my work. Elige lo que dice el hombre. (made / broke / done) Respuesta: done — En inglés el trabajo se hace con do, así que él dice has done it.

Participios: written, spoken, known, broken

Sus participios: write → written, speak → spoken, know → known, break → broken.

• I have written to her.
• Have you spoken to the teacher?
• I have known her all my life.
• He has broken his arm.
• Pruébalo: Man: The TV doesn't work. Woman: I know. Your cousin has ___ it. Elige lo que dice la mujer. (broken / fixed / wrote) Respuesta: broken — La tele no funciona, así que el primo la rompió: has broken it.

get → got → gotten (participio de get)

Después de have / has, el inglés de Estados Unidos suele usar gotten, el participio de get.

• It has gotten cold outside.
• She has gotten a new job.
• Pruébalo: Man: Do you still hear from your old teacher? Woman: Yes. I've ___ two letters from her this month. Elige lo que dice la mujer. (gotten / getted / written / wrote) Respuesta: gotten — Después de I've va gotten. Las cartas vienen de su maestra.