always、carefully、well (A2)

always、usually、often、sometimes、never 这类词表示多久做一次。放在主要动词前面。搭配 am、is、are 时，放在它们后面。

多久一次：always、usually、sometimes

• She always arrives on time.
• I sometimes go jogging in the park.
• They are usually busy on Mondays.
• Not "She arrives always on time." — say "She always arrives on time.". 表示频率的词放在动词前面：She always arrives，而不是 arrives always。
• 试一试: Which sentence puts the how-often word in the right place? (She always arrives on time. / She arrives always on time. / Always she arrives on time.) 答案: She always arrives on time. — 像 always 这样表示频率的词，放在主要动词前面：She always arrives.（她总是准时到。）它不放在动词后面（arrives always），也不放在人物前面（Always she arrives）。

每个词代表多少

每个表示频率的词代表的次数都不一样。从多到少排一排：always = 100%（每次都）· usually = 大约 90%（几乎每次）· often = 大约 70%（很多次）· sometimes = 大约 50%（有些时候，不是大多数）· never = 0%（一次也没有）。

• always (100%): I always lock the door — every single time.
• usually (~90%): She usually walks to work, but now and then she takes the bus.
• often (~70%): We often eat rice, but not every day.
• sometimes (~50%): He sometimes plays football on the weekend.
• never (0%): They never eat meat — not once.
• Not "I sometimes brush my teeth every single morning." — say "I always brush my teeth every single morning.". always = 100%（每次都）；sometimes = 大约 50%（有些时候，不是大多数）。每天早上都做，那就是 always，不是 sometimes。
• 试一试: Yuki eats breakfast every single morning, with no exceptions. Yuki ___ eats breakfast. (always / sometimes / never) 答案: always — Always 表示 100%——每次都，没有例外。Sometimes 表示大约 50%（有些早上，不是大多数），never 表示 0%（一个早上也没有）。
• 试一试: On the how-often scale, which word means MORE often? (usually (~90%) is more often than sometimes (~50%) / sometimes (~50%) is more often than usually (~90%) / never (0%) is more often than often (~70%)) 答案: usually (~90%) is more often than sometimes (~50%) — 从多到少：always（100%）、usually（约 90%）、often（约 70%）、sometimes（约 50%）、never（0%）。所以 usually 比 sometimes 更频繁，而 never（0%）是最少的。

怎么做：放在动词后面

说怎么做某件事的词，比如 carefully、quickly、well，放在动词后面。如果动词后面说明了它作用的人或事物，这个词就放在那之后：reads the instructions carefully。

• He speaks Spanish fluently.
• She reads the instructions carefully.
• She sings beautifully.
• Not "He speaks fluently Spanish." — say "He speaks Spanish fluently.". 不要把“怎么做”的词插在动词和宾语之间：speak Spanish fluently。
• 试一试: She reads ___ before she starts. (the instructions carefully / carefully the instructions / the carefully instructions) 答案: the instructions carefully — 表示方式的词放在动词以及它作用的事物后面：reads the instructions carefully。不能放在那个事物前面（carefully the instructions），也不能插在中间（the carefully instructions）。

构成“怎么做”的词：加 -ly

很多“怎么做”的词是在描述的词后加 -ly 构成的：careful → carefully、slow → slowly、quiet → quietly。注意以 -y 结尾的词，要变成 -ily：easy → easily、happy → happily。以 -le 结尾的词要变成 -ly：gentle → gently、terrible → terribly。

• He drives carefully.
• She sings beautifully.
• They finished the work easily.
• Not "She sings beautiful." — say "She sings beautifully.". 说她唱歌唱得怎么样，加 -ly：beautifully，而不是 beautiful。
• 试一试: They finished the project ___. (easily / easy / easyly) 答案: easily — 说他们完成得怎么样，用“怎么做”的词：easily。“Easy” 是描述的词，比如 an easy project，“easyly” 忘了 easy 是以 -y 结尾，要变成 easily。

well, fast, hard

有几个“怎么做”的词不加 -ly。要记住：good → well。而 fast 和 hard 保持不变，不加 -ly。注意：hardly 是另一个词，意思是“几乎不”，所以 He works hard 和 He hardly works 意思正好相反。

• She speaks English well.
• He runs fast.
• They work hard every day.
• Not "She speaks English good." — say "She speaks English well.". 说她讲话讲得怎么样，用 well，不是 good。
• 试一试: Hiroshi runs very ___. (fast / fastly / quick) 答案: fast — 说 Hiroshi 跑得怎么样，用 fast，它保持不变，不加 -ly。“Fastly” 根本不是一个词，“quick” 是描述的词，对应的“怎么做”的词应该是 quickly。
• 试一试: She sings ___ and she plays the guitar very ___. (beautifully … well / beautiful … good / beautifully … good) 答案: beautifully … well — 说她唱歌唱得怎么样，加 -ly：beautifully。说熟练地做某事，“怎么做”的词是 well，不是 good。good 和 beautiful 是描述的词，而 well 和 beautifully 才是“怎么做”的词。