Третья форма глагола: gone, seen, done (A2)

После have или has ставь past participle — причастие прошедшего времени. У большинства глаголов это форма на -ed, такая же, как в прошедшем: worked, played, cleaned.

-ed: так же, как в прошедшем

• I have cleaned my room.
• She has watched that movie.
• Попробуй: Woman: The kitchen floor is all wet. Man: I have ___ it. Please don't walk on it! Выбери, что говорит мужчина. (cooked / washed / ate) Ответ: washed — Пол мокрый, потому что он его вымыл: he has washed it.

Так же, как в прошедшем

У многих глаголов одна и та же форма и в прошедшем, и после have / has: bought, paid, found, lost, told, met, heard, felt.

• I have bought the tickets.
• She has told me everything.
• We have met before.
• Попробуй: Man: Can I give you some money for dinner? Woman: No, it's okay. I've ___ for it. Выбери, что говорит женщина. (waited / took / paid) Ответ: paid — Он хочет дать ей денег, но она уже заплатила за ужин: she has paid for dinner.

Причастия: gone, seen, eaten, taken, given

Некоторые глаголы меняются сильнее: go → gone, see → seen, eat → eaten, take → taken, give → given.

• He has gone home.
• We have taken the bus.
• She has given me her number.
• Not "I have saw that movie." — say "I have seen that movie.". После have ставь seen, а не saw.
• Попробуй: Man: Is there any pizza left? Woman: Sorry! The kids have ___ it all. Выбери, что говорит женщина. (eaten / ate / seen / saw) Ответ: eaten — После have нужно eaten, а не ate. Пиццы не осталось.

Причастия: been, done, had, made

Запомни: be → been, do → done, have → had, make → made.

• I have been here before.
• She has done the dishes.
• We have had a great day.
• He has made a lot of friends.
• Попробуй: Woman: Do you want to watch a movie? Man: Sure. I've ___ all my work. Выбери, что говорит мужчина. (made / broke / done) Ответ: done — Работу «делают» — do, значит, говорим he has done it.

Причастия: written, spoken, known, broken

Запомни: write → written, speak → spoken, know → known, break → broken.

• I have written to her.
• Have you spoken to the teacher?
• I have known her all my life.
• He has broken his arm.
• Попробуй: Man: The TV doesn't work. Woman: I know. Your cousin has ___ it. Выбери, что говорит женщина. (broken / fixed / wrote) Ответ: broken — Телевизор не работает, значит, его сломали: the cousin has broken it.

Три формы get: get → got → gotten

После have / has в американском английском часто говорят gotten — это причастие прошедшего времени от get.

• It has gotten cold outside.
• She has gotten a new job.
• Попробуй: Man: Do you still hear from your old teacher? Woman: Yes. I've ___ two letters from her this month. Выбери, что говорит женщина. (gotten / getted / written / wrote) Ответ: gotten — После I've нужно gotten. Письма пришли от её учительницы.