Nach have oder has nimmst du das past participle (Partizip Perfekt). Bei den meisten Verben ist das die Form mit -ed, genau wie in der Vergangenheit: worked, played, cleaned.
-ed: genauso wie die Vergangenheit
I have cleaned my room.
She has watched that movie.
Probier es aus: Woman: The kitchen floor is all wet. Man: I have ___ it. Please don't walk on it! Wähle aus, was der Mann sagt. (cooked / washed / ate) Antwort: washed — Der Boden ist nass, weil er ihn gewischt hat: he has washed it.
Genauso wie die Vergangenheit
Viele Verben haben in der Vergangenheit und nach have / has dieselbe Form: bought, paid, found, lost, told, met, heard, felt.
I have bought the tickets.
She has told me everything.
We have met before.
Probier es aus: Man: Can I give you some money for dinner? Woman: No, it's okay. I've ___ for it. Wähle aus, was die Frau sagt. (waited / took / paid) Antwort: paid — Er will ihr Geld geben, aber sie hat das Essen schon bezahlt: she has paid.
gone, seen, eaten, taken, given – neue Formen
Manche Verben ändern sich stärker: go → gone, see → seen, eat → eaten, take → taken, give → given.
He has gone home.
We have taken the bus.
She has given me her number.
Not "I have saw that movie." — say "I have seen that movie.". Nach have nimmst du seen, nicht saw.
Probier es aus: Man: Is there any pizza left? Woman: Sorry! The kids have ___ it all. Wähle aus, was die Frau sagt. (eaten / ate / seen / saw) Antwort: eaten — Nach have steht eaten, nicht ate. Es ist keine Pizza mehr da.
been, done, had, made – neue Formen
Vier wichtige Partizipien: be → been, do → done, have → had, make → made.
I have been here before.
She has done the dishes.
We have had a great day.
He has made a lot of friends.
Probier es aus: Woman: Do you want to watch a movie? Man: Sure. I've ___ all my work. Wähle aus, was der Mann sagt. (made / broke / done) Antwort: done — Arbeit „macht“ man mit do, also: he has done it.
written, spoken, known, broken – neue Formen
Noch vier Partizipien: write → written, speak → spoken, know → known, break → broken.
I have written to her.
Have you spoken to the teacher?
I have known her all my life.
He has broken his arm.
Probier es aus: Man: The TV doesn't work. Woman: I know. Your cousin has ___ it. Wähle aus, was die Frau sagt. (broken / fixed / wrote) Antwort: broken — Der Fernseher funktioniert nicht, also hat der Cousin ihn kaputt gemacht: broken.
get → got → gotten (amerikanisch)
Nach have / has sagt man im amerikanischen Englisch oft gotten, das Partizip Perfekt von get.
It has gotten cold outside.
She has gotten a new job.
Probier es aus: Man: Do you still hear from your old teacher? Woman: Yes. I've ___ two letters from her this month. Wähle aus, was die Frau sagt. (gotten / getted / written / wrote) Antwort: gotten — Nach I've steht gotten. Die Briefe kamen von ihrer Lehrerin.