الماضي الشاذّ (A1)

هذه الأفعال لا تأخذ -ed، بل تتغيّر شكلها، فتعلّمها: go → went · come → came · see → saw.

go, come, see

Yesterday Amina went to school.
Hiroshi came late.
I saw a film last night.
Not "Yesterday Amina goed to school." — say "Yesterday Amina went to school.". لا وجود لكلمة "goed"، فماضي go هو الكلمة الجديدة went.
جرّب بنفسك: Yesterday Amina ___ to school. (went / goed / go) الإجابة: went — Go فعل شاذّ: ماضيه went، وهي كلمة جديدة تمامًا. لا وجود لـ "goed"، و"go" تبقى للحاضر.

تعلّم ثلاثة أفعال أخرى: have → had · do → did · make → made.

They had lunch at the cafe.
Sofia did her homework.
Camila made a cake.
Not "Camila maked a cake." — say "Camila made a cake.". لا وجود لكلمة "maked"، فماضي make هو made.
جرّب بنفسك: Camila ___ a cake yesterday. (made / maked / makes) الإجابة: made — Make فعل شاذّ: ماضيه made. لا وجود لـ "maked"، و"makes" هي صيغة الحاضر.

ثلاثة أفعال ستستخدمها كثيرًا: eat → ate · drink → drank · take → took.

Hiroshi ate breakfast at home.
Amina drank some water.
Lars took the metro.
Not "Hiroshi eated breakfast." — say "Hiroshi ate breakfast.". لا وجود لكلمة "eated"، فماضي eat هو ate.
جرّب بنفسك: Lars ___ the metro this morning. (took / taked / take) الإجابة: took — Take فعل شاذّ: ماضيه took. لا وجود لـ "taked"، و"take" تبقى للحاضر.

صيغة الماضي واحدة مع الجميع، ولا تأخذ -s أبدًا: I went, she went, they went.

I went home.
She went home.
They went home.
Not "She wents home." — say "She went home.". صيغة الماضي تبقى نفسها للجميع، لا تُضِف إليها -s أبدًا.
جرّب بنفسك: She ___ home after class. (went / wents / goed) الإجابة: went — صيغة الماضي واحدة للجميع، لا تُضِف -s أبدًا: she went، لا "wents".

للنفي، استخدم didn't + الفعل المجرّد. يعود الفعل إلى صورته المجرّدة (بدون صيغة الماضي) بعد didn't.

I didn't go to school.
She didn't see the film.
They didn't have lunch.
Not "I didn't went to school." — say "I didn't go to school.". Didn't تُظهر الماضي بنفسها، لذا يعود الفعل إلى go، لا "went".
جرّب بنفسك: She ___ the film. (didn't see / didn't saw / don't see) الإجابة: didn't see — Didn't تُظهر الماضي بنفسها، لذا يبقى الفعل مجرّدًا: didn't see (لا "didn't saw").

لطرح سؤال، ابدأ بـ Did، ثم الفعل المجرّد. بدون صيغة الماضي بعد Did.

Did you go to school?
Did she see the film?
Did they have lunch?
Not "Did you went to school?" — say "Did you go to school?". Did تُظهر الماضي بنفسها، لذا يبقى الفعل مجرّدًا: go، لا "went".
جرّب بنفسك: ___ Hiroshi see the film? (Did / Does / Was) الإجابة: Did — لسؤال في الماضي، ابدأ بـ Did، ثم الفعل المجرّد: Did Hiroshi see? (أما Does فللحاضر، وWas لا تحتاج فعلًا رئيسيًا.)
جرّب بنفسك: Remember what follows didn't, They ___ lunch. (didn't have / didn't had / didn't haved) الإجابة: didn't have — بعد did أو didn't، يأتي الفعل المجرّد دائمًا: didn't have. (الماضي مُظهَر بالفعل عبر didn't.)