比較級: bigger, faster, more careful (A2)

短い形容詞には -er をつけて than を使います：old → older than、cheap → cheaper than。

短い形容詞：-er than

• Apples are cheaper than bananas here.
• Your bag is older than my bag.
• Not "Apples are more cheap than bananas." — say "Apples are cheaper than bananas.". 短い形容詞には more ではなく -er をつけます。
• やってみよう: Sofia: Is your friend's son fifteen? Ethan: No, he's ___ than that. He's only ten. Ethan のせりふを選んでください。 (older / biger / younger) 答え: younger — 10歳は15歳より下なので younger です。

つづりが変わる：bigger, hotter, happier

少し形が変わることばもあります。big → bigger、hot → hotter は最後の文字を2つ重ねます。happy → happier は y が ier に変わります。

• Their apartment is bigger than my apartment.
• July is hotter than May.
• The kids are happier now.
• やってみよう: Sofia: How's your friend at her new school? Ethan: She's ___ than before. She loves it. Ethan のせりふを選んでください。 (sadder / happier / lazyer) 答え: happier — 彼女は新しい学校が大好きなので happier です。y が ier に変わります。

長い形容詞：more ... than

長い形容詞は前に more を置いて、than を使います：more modern than、more popular than。

• Soccer is more popular than tennis here.
• The new mall is more modern than the old one.
• Not "The new mall is moderner than the old one." — say "The new mall is more modern than the old one.". 長い形容詞には -er ではなく more をつけます。
• やってみよう: Sofia: My friend is slow in the pool. Who can help him? Ethan: Try the new coach. She's ___ than the other coaches. Ethan のせりふを選んでください。 (lazier / more happy / more patient) 答え: more patient — 泳ぐのがおそい人には待ってくれるコーチが必要なので、新しいコーチは more patient です。

形が変わる：better, worse, farther

3つのことばは新しい形になります：good → better、bad → worse、far → farther または further。どちらでもかまいません。

• Your coffee is better than my coffee.
• My cold is worse today.
• The hospital is farther than the school.
• やってみよう: Sofia: How's the pizza at the new place? Ethan: Great! It's ___ than the pizza at school. Ethan のせりふを選んでください。 (better / worse / funnyer) 答え: better — Ethan は「最高！」と言っているので better です。good は better になります。

やり方を比べる：faster than, more carefully than

人が何かをするやり方を比べるときは：fast → faster than、carefully → more carefully than。

• The train goes faster than the bus.
• She speaks more slowly than her teacher.
• やってみよう: Ethan: How does your friend drive? Sofia: She drives ___ than her dad. She's slow, and she watches everything. Sofia のせりふを選んでください。 (faster / more loud / more carefully) 答え: more carefully — 彼女はゆっくりで、まわりを全部よく見ているので、お父さんより慎重に運転します：more carefully。

差が大きい：much bigger, a lot cheaper

差が大きいことを言うときは、前に much か a lot を置きます：much bigger、a lot cheaper。

• This bag is a lot bigger than that one.
• The city is much noisier than my town.
• Not "This bag is very bigger than that one." — say "This bag is much bigger than that one.". -er のついた形容詞の前には、very ではなく much か a lot を使います。
• やってみよう: Sofia: How's the new elevator? Ethan: Great! It's ___ faster. I don't wait at all now. Ethan のせりふを選んでください。 (a little / a lot / very) 答え: a lot — Ethan はもうまったく待たないので、a lot faster です。

どの形？

短い形容詞には -er、長い形容詞には more をつけます。good、bad、far は better、worse、farther になります。

• The blue shirt is nicer and cheaper, but the red one is more popular.
• やってみよう: Sofia: Why does your friend swim in the morning now? Ethan: The pool is ___ in the evening. There are so many kids. Ethan のせりふを選んでください。 (quieter / more crowded / more busy) 答え: more crowded — 夕方は子どもがとても多いので、その時間のプールは more crowded です。

よくある間違いは？

間違い	正しい	理由
Apples are more cheap than bananas.	Apples are cheaper than bananas.	短い形容詞には more ではなく -er をつけます。
The new mall is moderner than the old one.	The new mall is more modern than the old one.	長い形容詞には -er ではなく more をつけます。
This bag is very bigger than that one.	This bag is much bigger than that one.	-er のついた形容詞の前には、very ではなく much か a lot を使います。