حال ساده: he, she, it (A1)

با he, she, it به فعل -s اضافه کن.

He / she / it

• He works in an office.
• She lives in Haffenville.
• It rains a lot here.
• Not "He work in an office." — say "He works in an office.". همون -s ـه که بهت می‌گه فاعل he یا she یا it ـه.
• خودت امتحان کن: He ___ in an office. (works / work / working) جواب: works — با he فعل -s می‌گیره: He works. work شکلِ I، you، we و they ـه، و working هیچ‌وقت بعد از he تنها نمی‌آد.

He / she / it: املای ‎-es

وقتی فعل به s, x, ch یا sh ختم می‌شه، پسوندش -es ـه. دو تا هم هست که بهتره حفظ کنی: go → goes و do → does.

• She watches movies.
• He pushes the door.
• She fixes the car.
• He goes to work.
• خودت امتحان کن: She ___ movies. (watches / watchs / watch) جواب: watches — بعد از ch پسوند -es ـه، نه -s: watches. watchs فکرش درسته ولی پسوندش غلطه، و watch اصلاً پسوند نداره، که شکلِ I، you، we و they ـه.

He / she / it: املای ‎-ies

به الگو دقت کن: study → studies · try → tries · fly → flies. اون y تبدیل می‌شه به ies. ولی اگه درست قبل از y یکی از حرف‌های a, e, i, o یا u باشه، y رو نگه دار و فقط -s اضافه کن: play → plays.

• She studies English.
• He tries hard.
• but: play → plays (an a before the y)
• خودت امتحان کن: She ___ English every day. (studies / studys / study) جواب: studies — نزدیک بود؛ اون y عوض می‌شه: study → studies (نه «studys»).

doesn't + فعل

با he, she, it، برای منفی کردن از doesn't استفاده کن. تغییر می‌ره توی doesn't، پس فعلِ بعدش ساده می‌مونه.

• He doesn't work here.
• She doesn't live in Haffenville.
• It doesn't cost ten dollars.
• Not "She doesn't lives here." — say "She doesn't live here.". doesn't خودش بهت نشون می‌ده که فاعل she ـه، پس کلمه‌ی بعدی فعل ساده‌ست.
• خودت امتحان کن: Hiroshi ___ a jacket. It is very hot. (doesn't wear / doesn't wears / don't wear) جواب: doesn't wear — Hiroshi یعنی he، پس منفی‌اش می‌شه doesn't و فعل ساده: doesn't wear. doesn't wears پسوند رو روی فعل هم می‌ذاره، و don't wear فرمِ I, you, we و they ـه.

Does she...?

برای اینکه درباره‌ی کارِ he, she, it سؤال بپرسی، با Does شروع کن، بعد اون شخص، بعد فعل ساده.

• Does he work here?
• Does she live in Haffenville?
• Does it cost ten dollars?
• Not "Does he works here?" — say "Does he work here?". Does خودش بهت نشون می‌ده که فاعل he ـه، پس کلمه‌ی بعدی فعل ساده‌ست.
• خودت امتحان کن: ___ Camila buy her clothes at Mosh Market? (Does / Do / Is) جواب: Does — Camila یعنی she، پس سؤال با Does شروع می‌شه. Do برای I, you, we و they ـه، و Is سؤالی رو شروع می‌کنه که درباره‌ی یه کلمه‌ی توصیف‌کننده یا یه چیزه، نه یه کار.

Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.

سؤالی که با Does شروع می‌شه، توی جواب به‌صورتِ does یا doesn't برمی‌گرده. اینو از Yes, I do. می‌شناسی: همون کلمه‌ای که سؤال باهاش شروع می‌شه، جواب رو تموم می‌کنه.

• Does she cook dinner? - Yes, she does.
• Does he study at home? - No, he doesn't.
• Does it open at nine? - Yes, it does.
• Not "Does she cook dinner? - Yes, she cooks." — say "Does she cook dinner? - Yes, she does.". جوابِ کوتاه does رو نگه می‌داره، پس لازم نیست فعل رو دوباره بگی.
• خودت امتحان کن: Amina: Does Hiroshi walk to Mosh Market? Sofia: ___ His house is next to it. (Yes, he does. / Yes, he do. / Yes, he is.) جواب: Yes, he does. — سؤال با Does شروع شده، پس جواب does رو برمی‌گردونه. do فرمِ I, you, we و they ـه، و is جوابِ سؤالیه که با Is شروع شده.

has / doesn't have / Does she have...?

جمله‌ی She has a bike. رو بلدی. برای منفی و سؤالی، doesn't و Does کار رو انجام می‌دن، و has برمی‌گرده به have ساده.

• She has a bike.
• She doesn't have a bike.
• Does she have a bike?
• Not "She doesn't has a bike." — say "She doesn't have a bike.". doesn't خودش بهت نشون می‌ده که فاعل she ـه، پس کلمه‌ی بعدی have ساده‌ست.
• خودت امتحان کن: Ira: Does Liam's apartment have three bedrooms? Amina: No, it ___ three. It has two. (doesn't have / doesn't has / don't have) جواب: doesn't have — آپارتمان یعنی it، پس منفی‌اش می‌شه doesn't و have ساده. doesn't has پسوند رو روی فعل هم نگه می‌داره، و don't have فرمِ I, you, we و they ـه.
• خودت امتحان کن: Wei: ___ Matilda have a big kitchen in her house? Lani: Yes, she does. She cooks dinner for her friends there. (Does / Has / Is) جواب: Does — Matilda یعنی she، پس سؤال با Does شروع می‌شه و have بعدش ساده می‌مونه. Has به‌جای استفاده از Does، پسوند رو می‌ذاره اولِ جمله، و Is سؤالی رو شروع می‌کنه درباره‌ی اینکه یکی چه‌جوریه، نه اینکه چی داره.

کدوم پسوند؟

قبل از هر فعل از خودت بپرس: کی؟ he/she/it → -s بگیر. I/you/we/they → بدون پسوند.

• He plays. / They play.
• She works. / We work.
• Not "He play. / They plays." — say "He plays. / They play.". فعل یکیه؛ این فاعل ـه که پسوند رو تعیین می‌کنه.
• خودت امتحان کن: My sister ___ tea, but my parents ___ coffee. (drinks … drink / drink … drinks / drinks … drinks) جواب: drinks … drink — My sister یعنی she → drinks (با -s). My parents یعنی they → drink (بدون پسوند).
• خودت امتحان کن: My brother ___ in a bank, but his friends ___ in a shop. (works … work / work … works / works … works) جواب: works … work — My brother یعنی he → works (با -s). His friends یعنی they → work (بدون پسوند). هر کدوم رو این تعیین می‌کنه که کی انجامش می‌ده.